Against the backdrop of the global dissemination of the Anthropocene discourse and the climate crisis, the conceptual, theoretical, and epistemological frameworks of the existing social and natural sciences are transforming. Existing scientific concepts have been constructed with anthropocentrism, and this change process prompts reflection on this fact. In addition, each discipline's explanation of environmental problems or degradation excludes nonhuman agencies or perspectives' more-than-human.' This method of explanation reveals numerous limitations when attempting to explain the ontological, political, and economic changes occurring on a global scale in recent years. It is not only raises the issue of not being able to explain environmental problems or deterioration processes comprehensively but also reveals an ontological question that causes them to overlook the significant political and social implications of their indifference to nonhuman beings and their agency (Whatmore, 2006; Henare et al, 2007; Bennett, 2010; Morton, 2013). The more-than-human perspective' is becoming a critical epistemology. The perspective that extends beyond humans considers the behavior of nonhuman beings, such as animals, plants, organisms, and minerals (Lorimer, 2012; Tsing, 2013; Pyyhtinen, 2016).
Numerous studies on territoriality have focused on the formation of human territory and the competition between society and its diverse actors. Sack (1986) defined territoriality as "a political strategy for governing people and things by controlling a particular region," analyzed various social discourses and political strategies intervened in between and attempted to view the territory as a consequence. This definition of territorialization began as a critique of attempts to view human-centered territoriality as a straightforward biological concept (Ardrey, 1966; Dyson-Hudson & Smith, 1978).
In other words, de-naturalization's purpose was to explain territoriality as a product of social construction rather than a biological and instinctual trait (Delany, 2013). However, when territoriality is easily conceived as a result of human political, social, and economic actions and something bound together, the limitations of positing the territory as a unified whole become apparent (Elden, 2013). Consequently, research has been conducted on the significance of the territory and the territorial practices that comprise it. In other words, the study of territoriality has become concerned with identity, citizenship, and governance, which are essential functions within the territory and its boundaries (Jones, M., 2016; Mezzadra & Neilson, 2013; Newman & Passi, 1998; Passi, 1996). However, by analyzing the competition between animal territoriality and human territorial performance, with a focus on animal geographers, human territorialization strategies, particularly reterritorialization strategies such as constructing a quarantine network for human health and national security, are identified. Furthermore, African swine fever between the borderland of the two Koreas demonstrated that nonhuman actors could be easily disrupted and destabilized by the multispecies relationship they have (Kim, 2019; 2021).
Similarly, human-centered state institutions produce a "willingness to see" through their various policies and scientific knowledge production. Biosecurity has been interpreted differently in different regional, political, and economic contexts. Since 9/11, biosecurity has been understood and applied in the United States in bioterrorism and laboratory biosafety (Ryan, 2016; Salerno & Gaudioso, 2015). The concept of biosecurity has been applied to the conservation of native flora and fauna and the natural environment in Australia and New Zealand (Champion, 2018). Biosecurity issues can be viewed in environmental politics from the perspectives of national governmentality and biopolitics (Collier et al., 2004). This approach views the biopolitical situation of the current state as a biological exception to Foucault, and Agamben emphasizes the significance of life's inherent circularity, connectivity, and complexity.
By doing so, I concentrate on the conditions under which the biopolitical imagination of species-being can be enacted (Dillon & Lobo-Guerrero, 2009). In addition, the expansion of the sovereign's power through the molecularization of life and the operation of the governing power of biosecurity was discussed (Braun, 2007). The biosecurity issue of environmental politics, which deals with the spread of livestock infectious diseases, and the politics of scientific knowledge will be discussed in this presentation. Consequently, the issue with biosecurity is that in the operation of state governance, some beings are permitted to exist on state territory while others are not (Hinchliffe, 2001; Fish et al., 2011).
In this presentation, I investigate the context in which perspectives more-than-human approaches emerged through the concepts and examples of territoriality beyond humans and biosecurity. Thus, the various human-nonhuman relationships and their dynamics (political, social, policy, legal, and scientific) that comprise the "state," which previously have been analyzed as anthropocentric or strategic-relational (human) social forces, will revise to demonstrate that it is being constructed together with nonhuman entities. In addition, the 'more-than-human approaches are not merely intellectual appropriation but concepts proposed and conceived within the epistemological, analytic, and explanatory constraints of the existing social sciences.